Cold-storage heat exchanger

ABSTRACT

A cold storage heat exchanger includes multiple refrigerant tubes arranged to provide a clearance therebetween, multiple cold storage containers each of which is interposed between adjacent refrigerant tubes, bonded to the adjacent refrigerant tubes and defining a compartment receiving a cold storage material. A surface of each cold storage container has multiple protrusion portions, and each protrusion portion protrudes outward and is in contact with the adjacent refrigerant tubes. The multiple protrusion portions are arranged in a zigzag manner or extend continuously in an air flow direction.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

This application is a divisional of U.S. Ser. No. 12/800,979 filed on May 27, 2010. This application claims the benefit and priority of Japanese Patent Applications No. 2009-136630 filed on Jun. 5, 2009, and No. 2010-095227 filed on Apr. 16, 2010, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to a cold-storage heat exchanger used for a refrigerant cycle device.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Conventionally, a cold-storage type cooling device for a trucker nap, described in JP 8-175167A, is known. A container, in which a cold-storage material is sealed, is made of a resin film, in the cold-storage type cooling device of JP 8-175167A. A recess portion and a protrusion portion are provided on a surface of the container, and are configured such that an air passage for air cooled by the cold-storage material is formed by the recess portion.

In a cold storage time, refrigerant flows into refrigerant tubes in which the container is inserted, so as to configure an evaporator for a trucker nap. Thus, air passing through the air passage is supplied to the trucker, thereby performing a cooling operation by the evaporator.

In the above cold-storage type cooling device, an evaporator for a vehicle interior, for cooling the trucker during a vehicle running, is located separately from the evaporator for a trucker nap, such that refrigerant discharged from a compressor flows into both the evaporators in parallel.

In the above cold-storage type cooling device, a cold-storage heat exchanger used as the evaporator for a trucker nap only causes air to perform heat exchange with the cold-storage material and to flow, after being cold-stored. Thus, in order to perform the cooling of a vehicle compartment, another evaporator used as a cooling heat exchanger is required, thereby increasing the cost.

Furthermore, when the refrigerant tube and the cold storage container are bonded and brazed, a clearance may be caused between a surface of the cold storage container and a surface of the refrigerant tube, and thereby condensed water generated on the evaporator surface may enter into the clearance. Thus, in a case where the refrigerant temperature is equal to or lower than 0° C., the condensed water in the clearance is frozen.

When the condensed water is frozen in the clearance, the volume of the frozen part is expanded, thereby causing a frost break such as a break of the refrigerant tube and the cold storage container. If a cold storage, a cooling of a compartment due to the refrigerant tube, and a cooling of the compartment due to the cold release of the cold storage material are performed by using a single heat exchanger, air passes around the cold storage container even in the cold storage time, and water in the air easily adheres on the surface of the cold storage container. In this case, the above problem of the frost break is remarkable.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention is made in view of the above matters, and it is an object of the invention to provide a cold storage heat exchanger, which can perform by using a single heat exchanger, a cold storage, a cooling of a compartment due to a refrigerant tube, and a cooling of the compartment due to a cold release of a cold storage material, thereby preventing a problem regarding a freezing break.

It is another object of the invention to provide a cold storage heat exchanger, which can perform a cold storage, a cooling of a compartment due to a refrigerant tube, and a cooling of the compartment due to a cold release of a cold storage material, by using a single heat exchanger.

It is another object of the invention to provide a cold storage heat exchanger in which a drainage performance and a surface treating performance of a cold storage container are improved.

According to a first aspect of the present invention, a cold storage heat exchanger includes a plurality of refrigerant tubes having therein refrigerant passages, and arranged to provide a clearance therebetween, and a plurality of cold storage containers, each of the plurality of cold storage containers being interposed between adjacent refrigerant tubes, bonded to the adjacent refrigerant tubes and defining a compartment receiving a cold storage material. A surface of each of the plurality of cold storage containers has a plurality of protrusion portions, and each of the plurality of protrusion portions protrudes outward and is in contact with the adjacent refrigerant tubes. The plurality of protrusion portions are arranged in a zigzag manner.

Accordingly, the cold storage heat exchanger as a single heat exchanger can perform a cold storage of the cold storage material, a cooling of a compartment to be cooled due to the refrigerant tube, and a cooling of the compartment due to the cold release of the cold storage material.

Since a drainage performance of condensed water can be improved due to the plurality of protrusion portions, it can prevent a frost break such as a break of the refrigerant tube and the cold storage container from being caused, when condensed water is frozen and the volume of the frozen part is expanded. A surface processing performance also can be improved because of the plurality of protrusion portions.

Since the plurality of protrusion portions are arranged in a zigzag manner, rigidity of the cold storage container can be increased. Hence, the cold storage container is difficult to be deformed at a time of assembling, and an ease of brazing the cold storage container can be improved accordingly.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, a cold storage heat exchanger includes a first heat exchange portion, a second heat exchange portion disposed on an upstream side of the first heat exchange portion in an air flow direction, a plurality of refrigerant tubes provided in both the first heat exchange portion and the second heat exchange portion, the plurality of refrigerant tubes having therein refrigerant passages, and arranged to provide a clearance therebetween, and a plurality of cold storage containers, each of the plurality of cold storage containers being interposed between adjacent refrigerant tubes, bonded to the adjacent refrigerant tubes and defining a compartment receiving a cold storage material. A surface of each of the plurality of cold storage containers has a plurality of protrusion portions, and each of the plurality of protrusion portions protrudes outward and is in contact with the adjacent refrigerant tubes. Each of the plurality of protrusion portions has a shape continuous in the air flow direction.

According to a third aspect of the present invention, a cold storage heat exchanger includes a first heat exchange portion including a plurality of first refrigerant tubes, the plurality of first refrigerant tubes having therein refrigerant passages, and arranged to provide a clearance therebetween, a second heat exchange portion disposed on an upstream side of the first heat exchange portion in an air flow direction and including a plurality of second refrigerant tubes, the plurality of second refrigerant tubes having therein refrigerant passages, and arranged to provide a clearance therebetween, and a plurality of cold storage containers, each of the plurality of cold storage containers being interposed between adjacent first refrigerant tubes and between adjacent second refrigerant tubes, bonded to the adjacent first refrigerant tubes and the adjacent second refrigerant tubes and defining a compartment receiving a cold storage material. A surface of each of the plurality of cold storage containers has a plurality of protrusion portions protruding outward. At least one of the plurality of protrusion portions includes a downstream end part and an upstream end part in the air flow direction, the downstream end part is in contact with the adjacent first refrigerant tubes, and the upstream end part is in contact with the adjacent second refrigerant tubes.

Accordingly, the cold storage heat exchanger as a single heat exchanger can perform a cold storage of the cold storage material, a cooling of a compartment to be cooled due to the refrigerant tube, and a cooling of the compartment due to the cold release of the cold storage material.

Since a drainage performance of condensed water can be improved due to the plurality of protrusion portions, it can prevent a frost break such as a break of the refrigerant tube and the cold storage container from being caused, when condensed water is frozen and the volume of the frozen part is expanded. A surface processing performance also can be improved because of the plurality of protrusion portions.

Since the plurality of protrusion portions extends continuously in the air flow direction, condensed water or surface treating solution can be made to flow along the plurality of protrusion portions. Furthermore, in this case, a ease of brazing also can be improved. Especially in a case where the cold storage heat exchanger includes the first heat exchange portion and the second heat exchange portion located upstream of the first heat exchange portion, those effects can be provided effectively.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a refrigerant cycle device for a vehicle air conditioner, according to a first embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 2 is a front view showing an evaporator according to the first embodiment;

FIG. 3 is a side view showing the evaporator when being viewed from the arrow III of FIG. 2;

FIG. 4 is a schematic sectional view showing a part of the evaporator, in a section taken along the line IV-IV of FIG. 2;

FIG. 5 is a schematic sectional view showing relationships between a refrigerant tube, a cold storage container and an air-side fin, in a section taken along the line V-V of FIG. 3;

FIG. 6 is an inner side view of the cold storage container, when being viewed from the arrow VI of FIG. 5;

FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram for explaining a draining state of condensed water flowing downwardly when the evaporator of the first embodiment is mounted in a position of a vertical direction;

FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram for explaining a state of discharging a treating solution in a surface processing step of the evaporator;

FIG. 9 is an enlarged side view showing a part of a cold storage container similar to FIG. 6, according to a second embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 10 is a schematic sectional view showing relationships between a refrigerant tube, a cold storage container and an air-side fin, in a section similar to FIG. 5, according to the second embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 11 is a characteristic diagram showing relationships between a capacity ratio of the evaporator, and a brazing surface ratio between the cold storage container and the refrigerant tube, in the above first embodiment and the above second embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram for explaining a flow of a brazing material in the structure of FIG. 10;

FIG. 13 is a side view of a cold storage container having an uneven shape of a lattice arrangement, as an example of another embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 14 is a side view of a cold storage container having an uneven shape of an oblique arrangement, as an example of another embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 15 is a side view of a cold storage container having an uneven shape of a zigzag arrangement, as an example of another embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 16 is a side view of a cold storage container having an uneven shape of a round lattice arrangement, as an example of another embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 17 is a schematic sectional view showing relationships between a refrigerant tube, a cold storage container and an air-side fin, in a section taken along the line V-V of FIG. 3, according to a third embodiment of the invention;

FIGS. 18A and 18B are sectional views for explaining a performance decrease due to a bonding ratio between an inner fin and a cold storage container of an evaporator according to the third embodiment, in which FIG. 18A indicates a case where an outer surface bonding ratio X is suitably small, and FIG. 18B indicates a case where the outer surface bonding ratio X is too large;

FIGS. 19A, 19B and 19C are graphs for explaining performances due to the bonding ratio between the inner fin and the cold storage container of the evaporator according to the third embodiment;

FIG. 20 is a side view showing a part of rib shape on a surface of a cold storage container in an evaporator, according to a fourth embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 21 is a side view showing a part of rib shape on a surface of a cold storage container in an evaporator, according to a fifth embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 22 is a side view showing a part of rib shape on a surface of a cold storage container in an evaporator, according to a sixth embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 23 is a side view showing a part of rib shape on a surface of a cold storage container in an evaporator, according to a seventh embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 24 is a front view showing an evaporator with a cold storage material, formed by stacking plates, according to an eighth embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 25 is a left side view showing the evaporator with a cold storage material of FIG. 24;

FIGS. 26A and 26B are schematic sectional views showing in contrast, an evaporator in which a refrigerant tube is manufactured by a drawn-cup tube, and an evaporator in which a refrigerant tube is manufactured by extrusion, according to the eighth embodiment of the invention;

FIGS. 27A and 27B are schematic sectional views showing in contrast, an evaporator in which a refrigerant tube is manufactured by a drawn-cup tube, and an evaporator in which a refrigerant tube is manufactured by extrusion, according to a ninth embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 28 is a schematic sectional view showing a part of an evaporator similar to FIG. 4, according to a tenth embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 29 is an enlarged schematic sectional view showing a part Z33 of FIG. 28;

FIG. 30 is an enlarged schematic sectional view showing a part Z34 of FIG. 28;

FIG. 31 is a graph showing a variation state of an evaporator temperature in accordance with an interruption operation of a compressor according to a tenth embodiment of the invention; and

FIG. 32 is a side view showing reverse V-shaped ribs formed on a surface of a cold storage container of the evaporator of FIG. 28.

EMBODIMENTS

(First Embodiment)

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a refrigerant cycle device 1 for a vehicle air conditioner, according to a first embodiment of the invention. The refrigerant cycle device 1 for an air conditioner includes a compressor 10, a radiator 20, a decompression device 30 and an evaporator 40. The components of the refrigerant cycle device 1 are connected in cycle by piping, thereby configuring a refrigerant circuit.

The compressor 10 is driven by an internal combustion engine (or electrical motor etc.) that is a driving source 2 for a vehicle traveling. Thus, the compressor 10 is also stopped when the driving source 2 stops. The compressor 10 draws refrigerant flowing out of the evaporator 40, compresses the drawn refrigerant, and discharge the compressed refrigerant toward the radiator 20. The radiator 20 is configured to cool high-temperature refrigerant from the compressor 10. The radiator 20 is also called as a condenser. The decompression device 30 decompresses the refrigerant cooled by the radiator 20. The evaporator 40 evaporates the refrigerant decompressed by the decompression device 30, thereby cooling air to be blown into a vehicle compartment.

FIG. 2 is a front view showing the evaporator 40 according to the first embodiment. FIG. 3 is a side view showing the evaporator 40 when being viewed from the arrow III of FIG. 2. FIG. 4 is an enlarged sectional view showing a part of the evaporator 40, in a section taken along the line IV-IV of FIG. 2. FIG. 5 is a schematic sectional view showing relationships between a refrigerant tube, a cold storage container and an air-side fin, in a section taken along the line V-V of FIG. 3.

In FIG. 2 and FIG. 3, the evaporator 40 includes a plurality of branched refrigerant passage members. The refrigerant passage members are made of metal such as aluminum. The refrigerant passage members are formed by headers 41, 42, 43, 44 positioned by pairs, and a plurality of refrigerant tubes 45 connected between the headers 41, 42, 43, 44.

More specifically, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, a first header 41 and a second header 42 are configured as a pair of header tanks, and are arranged in parallel to be separated by a predetermined distance. Furthermore, a third header 43 and a fourth header 44 are configured as a pair of header tanks, and are arranged in parallel to be separated by a predetermined distance. The refrigerant tubes 45 are arranged at the same interval between the first header 41 and the second header 42.

The refrigerant tubes 45 corresponding to the first header 41 and the second header 42 are made to communicate with the interiors of the first header 41 and the second header 42. Thus, a first heat exchange portion 48 shown in FIG. 3 is formed by the first header 41, the second header 42 and the plural refrigerant tubes 45 arranged between the first and second headers 41 and 42. The refrigerant tubes 45 are also arranged at the same interval between the third header 43 and the fourth header 44.

The refrigerant tubes 45 corresponding to the third header 43 and the fourth header 44 are made to communicate with the interiors of the third header 43 and the fourth header 44. Thus, a second heat exchange portion 49 is formed by the third header 43, the fourth header 44 and the plural refrigerant tubes 45 arranged between the third and fourth headers 43 and 44.

As a result, the evaporator 40 includes the first heat exchange portion 48 and the second heat exchange portion 49 which are arranged at two layers. With respect to the flow direction of air shown by arrow 400 in FIG. 3, the second heat exchange portion 49 is arranged at an upstream side, and the first heat exchange portion 48 is arranged at a downstream side.

A joint (not shown) is provided as a refrigerant inlet at an end portion of the first header 41 A partition plate (now shown) is located in the first header 41 approximately at a center in a longitudinal direction of the first header 41, to partition an interior space of the first header 41 into a first partition area and a second partition area. Thus, the plurality of tubes 45 is separated into a first group and a second group based on the partition position of the first header 41.

In the evaporator 40, refrigerant is firstly supplied to the first partition area of the first header 41 from the refrigerant inlet. Then, the refrigerant is distributed into the plural refrigerant tubes 45 of the first group from the first partition area of the first header 41. The refrigerant passing through the plural tubes 45 of the first group flows into the second header 42, to be joined therein.

The refrigerant flows in the second header 42, and is distributed into the plural refrigerant tubes 45 of the second group from the second header 42. Then, the refrigerant passing through the plural tubes 45 of the second group flows into the second partition area of the first header 41. Thus, in the first heat exchange portion 48, a refrigerant path, in which refrigerant flows in a U shape, is formed.

A joint (not shown) is provided as a refrigerant outlet at an end portion of the third header 43. A partition plate (now shown) is located in the third header 43 approximately at a center in a longitudinal direction of the third header 43, to partition an interior space of the third header 43 into a first partition area and a second partition area.

Thus, the plurality of tubes 45 between the third header 43 and the fourth header 44 is separated into a first group and a second group based on the partition position of the third header 43. The first partition area of the third header 43 is arranged adjacent to the second partition area of the first header 41. Furthermore, the first partition area of the third header 43 is provided to communicate with the second partition area of the first header 41.

Thus, the refrigerant flows from the second partition area of the first header 41 to the first partition area of the third header 43. Then, the refrigerant is distributed into the plural refrigerant tubes 45 of the first group of the second heat exchange portion 49 from the first partition area of the third header 43. The refrigerant passing through the plural tubes 45 of the first group flows into the fourth header 44, to be joined therein. The refrigerant flows in the fourth header 44, and is distributed into the plural refrigerant tubes 45 of the second group from the fourth header 44, in the second heat exchange portion 49.

Then, the refrigerant passing through the plural tubes 45 of the second group flows into the second partition area of the third header 43. Thus, in the second heat exchange portion 49, a refrigerant path, in which refrigerant flows in a U shape, is also formed. The refrigerant in the second partition area of the third header 43 flows from the refrigerant outlet toward the compressor 10.

In the evaporator 40, the plurality of tubes 45 are arranged approximately at certain intervals, and clearances are formed between the plural refrigerant tubes 45. A plurality air-side fins 46 and a plurality of cold-storage containers 47 are arranged in the clearances between the plural refrigerant tubes 45, to have a predetermined regularity. A part of the clearances between the refrigerant tubes 45 is used as cooling air passages 460. The remaining part in the clearances is used as receiving portions 461 in each of which the cold storage container 47 is disposed.

The receiving portions 461 are set to be in a range equal to more than 10% and equal to or lower than 50% of the total clearances formed between the plural refrigerant tubes 45. The cold storage containers 47 are arranged and distributed approximately uniformly in an entire heat exchange area of the evaporator 40. In the example of FIG. 2, two refrigerant tubes 45 positioned at two sides of the cold storage container 47 define the cooling air passages 460 for exchanging heat with air on each side opposite to the cold storage container 47.

On the other point, as shown in FIG. 4, two refrigerant tubes 45 (45 a) and 45 (45 b) are arranged between the two air-side fins 46 a and 46 b, and one cold storage container 47 is arranged between the two refrigerant tubes 45 (45 a) and 45 (45 b).

As shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, the refrigerant tubes 45 are multi-hole tubes each of which has a plurality of refrigerant passages extending in a tube longitudinal direction. The refrigerant tubes 45 (45 a, 45 b) are flat tubes. This multi-hole tube can be formed by an extrusion process. A plurality of refrigerant passages 45 c shown in FIG. 4 extend in the refrigerant tube 45 in a direction perpendicular to the paper surface of FIG. 4.

The plural refrigerant tubes 45 are arranged in plural lines (e.g., two lines). In each arrangement line, the plural refrigerant tubes 45 are arranged such that the side surfaces of the tubes 45 are opposite to each other. The plural refrigerant tubes 45 are arranged to define the cooling air passages 460 for performing heat exchange with air, and the receiving portions 461 for receiving the cold storage containers 47, between adjacent two refrigerant tubes 45 a and 45 b.

In the evaporator 40, the air-side fins 46 is provided in the cooling air passages 460 so as to increase contact areas with air to be supplied to the vehicle compartment. In the present embodiment, the air-side fins 46 (46 a and 46 b) are formed by a plurality of corrugated fins.

The air-side fins 46 are thermally connected with the two adjacent refrigerant tubes 45. The air-side fins 46 are bonded to the two adjacent refrigerant tubes 45 by using a bonding material superior in the thermal transmission. For example, a brazing material can be used as the bonding material. The air-side fin 46 is a louver plate formed by bending a metal plate such as a thin aluminum plate in a wave shape.

The evaporator 40 further includes the plural cold storage containers 47. The cold storage containers 47 are made of a metal such as aluminum, for example. The cold storage container 47 is a cylindrical shape having concavities and convexities on its left and right surfaces of FIG. 4.

The cold storage container 47 is closed at its longitudinal two ends (e.g., top and bottom ends of FIGS. 2 and 5), so that a chamber for receiving therein the cold storage material 50 is partitioned and sealed as shown in FIG. 5. The cold storage container 47 has main surfaces at its two side wall portions. The two side wall portions for defining the main surfaces of the cold storage container 47 are arranged respectively in parallel with the refrigerant tubes 45.

The cold storage container 47 is disposed between adjacent two refrigerant tubes 45. The cold storage container 47 is connected thermally to the two refrigerant tubes 45 arranged adjacently at two sides of the cold storage container 47, at protrusion portions 47 a 1 of its outer shell 47 a.

The cold storage container 47 is bonded to the two adjacent refrigerant tubes 45 by using a bonding material superior in the thermal transmission. As the bonding material, a resin material such as a brazing material or adhesive can be used. In the first embodiment, the cold storage container 47 is brazed to the refrigerant tubes 45.

A brazing material is provided between the cold storage container 47 and the refrigerant tubes 45, so as to be connected by a larger sectional area therebetween. As the brazing material, a brazing foil may be arranged between the cold storage container 47 and the refrigerant tube 45. In this case, the cold storage container 47 can be bonded to the refrigerant tube 45 to have a superior heat transmission therebetween.

The cold storage container 47 is provided with an outer shell 47 a defining an outer surface of the cold storage container 47. The outer shell 47 a of the cold storage container 47 is formed to have an uneven surface shape. In the present embodiment, by using the uneven surface shape, the brazing performance of the cold storage container 47 with the refrigerant tube 45 can be improved. Because of the uneven surface shape of the outer shell 47 a of the cold storage container 47, the brazing area can be made smaller, thereby preventing a void or a clearance from being caused.

In FIG. 5, 47 a 1 indicates protrusion portion (convexities), and 47 a 2 indicates recess portion (concavities) of the outer shell 47 a of the cold storage container 47. The protrusion portion 47 a 1 of the outer shell 47 a of the cold storage container 47 is brazed to the refrigerant tube 45. The brazing material contains silicon (Si). By adjusting a silicon amount contained in the brazing material, a degree of flux of the brazing material flowing into a brazing portion between the cold storage container 47 and the refrigerant tube 45 can be adjusted. The brazing material can easily flow into the brazing portion as the amount of Si becomes larger in the brazing material. The recess portion 47 a 2 of the outer shell 47 a of the cold storage container 47 defines a cold-storage side air passage 461 a.

Furthermore, the uneven shape is formed in repeat by plural times in both of a longitudinal direction (top-bottom direction of FIG. 5) of the cold storage container 47 and a lateral direction (top-bottom direction of FIG. 4) of the cold storage container 47. By the uneven surface shape of the outer shell 47 a of the cold storage container 47, draining performance of water such as condensed water can be improved.

As shown in FIG. 5, an inner fin 47 f is arranged inside of the cold storage container 47 to be thermally and mechanically connected to an inner wall of the cold storage container 47. The inner fin 47 f is bonded to the inner wall of the cold storage container 47 by using a bonding material that is superior in the heat transmission. Thus, the bonding of the inner fin 47 f to the inner wall of the cold storage container 47 can be performed by brazing. Because the inner fin 47 f is connected to the inner side of the cold storage container 47, it can prevent a deformation of the cold storage container 47, and pressure resistance performance can be improved in the cold storage container 47.

As shown in FIG. 5, the inner fin 47 f is formed into a wave shape by bending a metal plate such as a thin aluminum plate. Because the surface of the cold storage container 47 is an uneven-shaped surface, the inner fin 47 f is bonded to the recess portion 47 of the outer shell 47 a of the cold storage container 47, that is, the inside protrusion portion protruding to the inside of the cold storage container 47. Therefore, mechanical strength and pressure resistance performance of the cold storage container 47 can be increased by using the inner fin 47 f. Thus, the protrusion portion 47 a 1 of the outer shell 47 a protruding outside is not bonded to the inner fin 47 f. In FIG. 5, 460 indicates the cooling air passage, and 461 a indicates the cold-storage side air passage.

FIG. 4 shows the inner fin 47 f as a plate material when the inner fin 47 f is viewed from the top side of FIG. 5. In FIG. 5, the inner fin 47 f bent in a wave shape is schematically indicated. Actually, a plurality of louvers are formed in the wave-shaped fin by cutting and standing the plate material.

FIG. 6 is an inner side view of the cold storage container 47 showing an inner wall of the cold storage container 47, when being viewed from the arrow VI of FIG. 5. The cold storage container 47 molded by aluminum in FIG. 6 is a rectangular container having a height dimension of about 225 mm, a width dimension of about 50 mm, and a thickness dimension of about 5 mm, for example. The height dimension is the dimension of the cold storage container 47 in the top and bottom direction of FIG. 6. As shown in FIG. 6, the plural protrusion portions 47 a 1 on the container surface are formed in a zigzag arrangement. When the plural protrusion portions 47 a 1 are formed in the zigzag shape on the surface of the cold storage container 47, the container 47 can be easily removed from a die in a press molding. Furthermore, the lateral width dimension of the brazing portion of each protrusion portion 47 a 1 is set to be equal to or lower than a width of 2-5 mm, in order to prevent void.

Inside of the cold storage container 47 having the thickness about 5 mm, the inner fin 47 is disposed, as shown in FIG. 5. In FIG. 6, 47 g indicates a punching-out portion configured to stop and fix the inner fin 47. The inner fin 47 f and the cold storage material 50 are contained inside of the cold storage container 47 approximately to a height position where the punching-out portion 47 g is provided. Furthermore, air is sealed in the interior of the cold storage container 47 at an upper side of the punching-out portion 47 g. Thus, by the compression action of the air, a stress applied to the cold storage container 47 in the expansion of the cold storage material 50 can be reduced (refer to FIG. 5).

The operation effects of the first embodiment will be described. In the present embodiment, the plural recess portions 47 a 2 and the plural protrusion portions 47 a 1 are provided on the surface of the cold storage container 47. Therefore, only the outer surfaces of the protrusion portions 47 a 1 are used as the contact portion between the cold storage container 47 and the refrigerant tube 45. Furthermore, condensed water or a treating solution used in the evaporator surface process can be discharged easily by using the clearance between the protrusion portions 47 a 1 (or/and using the surfaces of the recess portions 47 a 2).

FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram for explaining a state of condensed water flowing downwardly when the evaporator is mounted to a vehicle air conditioner in a position of a vertical direction. In FIG. 7, the arrows 47 h 1 show the streams of the condensed water flowing in parallel from the top direction to the down direction, on the surfaces of the recess portions 47 a 2 of the outer shell 47 a of the cold storage container 47, between the protrusion portions 47 a 1 arranged in a zigzag shape.

Because of the protrusion portions 47 a 1, it can prevent a flat contact in a wide area, thereby preventing a void generation in the brazing portion after the brazing. Therefore, the brazing performance between the cold storage container 47 and the refrigerant tube 45 can be improved.

In the present embodiment, the plural recess portions 47 a 2 and the plural protrusion portions 47 a 1 are provided on the surface of the cold storage container 47. Therefore, only the inside protrusions of the recess portions 47 a 2 can be made to contact the inner fin 47 f of the cold storage container 47.

As a result, an inner path 50 a can be secured between the inner fin 47 f and the cold storage container 47. Thus, in a sealing step for sealing the cold storage material 50, a time for sealing the cold storage material 50 can be effectively shortened.

FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram for explaining a state of removing a treating solution in a surface processing step of the evaporator. After the dipping of the cold storage container 47 is performed in a treating solution, air is blown by a blower to the cold storage container 47. In FIG. 8, the arrows 47 h 2 show the streams of the treating solution flowing on the surfaces of the recess portions 47 a 2 of the cold storage container 47 between the protrusion portions 47 a 1 arranged in a zigzag shape. Furthermore, 471 and 472 indicate the direction of air blown by the blower in the surface processing step.

Because the uneven shape of the cold-storage container 47 is repeated in the longitudinal direction and the lateral direction of the cold storage container 47, the draining performance can be secured regardless of the mounting angle of the evaporator. In particular, it is preferable to provide thin and long oval protrusion portions 47 a 1 along the longitudinal direction of the cold storage container 47, as shown in FIG. 7. In this case, the draining performance of the condensed water, press-molding performance of the cold storage container 47, and sealing performance of the cold storage material 50 can be more improved.

(Second Embodiment)

Next, a second embodiment of the invention will be described. FIG. 9 is a side view showing a cold storage container 47 according to the second embodiment, corresponding to that of FIG. 6. In the present embodiment and the following embodiments, a part that corresponds to a matter described in the above first embodiment may be assigned with the same reference numeral, and the explanation for the part may be omitted. Only different structures and features different from the above-described first embodiment will be mainly described in the present embodiment and the following embodiments.

As shown in FIG. 9, in the second embodiment, the cold storage container 47 is provided with plural protrusion portions 47 a 1 each having an open-hole shape at its center portion (i.e., protrusion tip surface). As shown in FIG. 10, via open-hole portions 47 a 3 opened at the protrusion portions 47 a 1, the cold storage material 50 in the cold storage container 47 can directly contact the surface of the refrigerant tube 45.

Further, it is preferable to set the brazing width of the protrusion portion 47 a 1 in the left-right direction of FIG. 9 to be in a range of 2 mm to 5 mm.

FIG. 10 is an enlarged sectional view showing relationships between the refrigerant tube 45, the cold storage container 47 and the air-side fin 46, similarly to FIG. 5. The cold storage material 50, sealed in the cold storage container 47 together with the inner fin 47 f, exposes from the inside of the cold storage container 47 into the open-hole portions 47 a 3, thereby directly contacting the surface of the refrigerant tube 45. In FIG. 10, 460 indicates the cooling air passage, and 461 a indicates the cold-storage side air passage.

After the protrusion portions 47 a 1 of the cold storage container 47 are brazed to the refrigerant tube 45, the cold storage material 50 is sealed in the cold storage container 47 by the surface of the refrigerant tube 45. Thus, it can prevent the cold storage material 50 from leaking from the open-hole portions 47 a 3 of the cold storage container 47.

A contact area is set at 100% as a reference, if all the outer surface of a cold storage container 47 without an uneven shape (i.e., without the recess portions 47 a 2 and the protrusion portions 47 a 1) or without the open-hole portion 47 a 3 is used as the contact surface contacting the surface of the refrigerant tube 45. In this case, when the uneven shapes or/and the hole-open portions 47 a 3 are provided in the outer surface of the cold storage container 47 so that the contact area of the cold storage container 47 partially contacting the refrigerant tube 45 becomes equal to or larger than 10% (more preferably, equal to or larger than 20%) as in the first and second embodiments, the heat exchanging capacity can be sufficiently obtained in the evaporator for an air conditioner, as described later. Here, the contact area corresponds to a brazing area.

FIG. 11 is a characteristic diagram showing relationships between a capacity ratio of the evaporator, and a brazing surface ratio between the cold storage container 47 and the refrigerant tube 45. In FIG. 11, the capacity ratio of the evaporator is set at 100%, when the brazing area ratio is set at 100% in a case where all the outer surface of the cold storage container 47 without an uneven shape or without the open-hole portion 47 a 3 is used as the contact surface contacting the surface of the refrigerant tube 45. As shown in FIG. 11, even when the cold storage container 47 is provided with the uneven shape or the open-hole portions at the protrusion portions 47 a 1, when the ratio of the brazing area partially contacting the refrigerant tube 45 is set equal to or larger than 10%, the capacity ratio of the evaporator can be maintained equal to or larger than 90%.

In a case where the open-hole portions 47 a 3 are provided, it is preferable to use a brazing material formed on the inner surface of the cold storage container 47 to be different from a brazing material formed on the outer surface of the cold storage container 47, as the brazing materials used at the brazing portion between the cold storage container 47 and the refrigerant tube 45. The fluidity of the brazing material becomes larger, as an amount of silicon Si contained in the brazing material becomes larger.

FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram for explaining a flow of a brazing material in the structure of FIG. 10. In FIG. 12, arrow 47IN indicates a flow of an inner-surface brazing material formed on an inner surface of the cold storage container 47, and arrow 47OUT indicates a flow of an outer-surface brazing material formed on an outer surface of the cold storage container 47.

The fluidity of the brazing material becomes larger, as an amount of silicon Si contained in the brazing material becomes larger. When the fluidity of the inner-surface brazing material of the cold storage container 47 is made higher than the fluidity of the outer-surface brazing material of the cold storage container 47, the brazing of the cold storage container 47 to the refrigerant tube 45 can be preferably performed. The reason will be explained below.

The outer-surface brazing material of the cold storage container 47 includes a sacrificial anticorrosion material. By limiting the fluidity of the outer-surface brazing material flowing into between the cold storage container 47 and the refrigerant tube 45, the brazing at a necessary portion due to the outer-surface brazing material can be secured, and it is preferable to improve the anticorrosion performance of the brazing portion between the cold storage container 47 and the refrigerant tube 45. Thus, in the present embodiment, the silicon Si amount is made larger in the inner-surface brazing material of the cold storage container 47 than that in the outer-surface brazing material of the cold storage container 47, thereby increasing the fluidity of the inner-surface brazing material shown by the arrow 47IN in FIG. 12.

In the present embodiment, because the brazing of the brazing portion between the cold storage container 47 and the refrigerant tube 45 is performed by using both the flow of the inner-surface brazing material flowing from the inner surface of the cold storage container 47 and the flow of the outer-surface brazing material flowing from the outer surface of the cold storage container 47, the bonding performance of the cold storage container 47 to the refrigerant tube 45 can be effectively obtained and maintained.

(Modification of the Above-Described First and Second Embodiments)

The invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, but the following changes and modifications will become apparent to those skilled in the art. For example, in the above-described first embodiment, the zigzag uneven shape is formed on the surface of the cold storage container 47. However, as shown in FIG. 13, a grill-arrangement oval-uneven shape may be formed on the surface of the cold storage container 47. Moreover, an uneven shape of the cold storage container 47 may be an oval-shaped slanting arrangement shown in FIG. 14, may be a round zigzag arrangement shown in FIG. 15, or may be a round grill arrangement shown in FIG. 16.

(Third Embodiment)

FIG. 17 is an enlarged sectional view showing relationships between a refrigerant tube, a cold storage container and an air-side fin, according to a third embodiment, in a section taken along the line V-V of FIG. 3 similarly to FIG. 5. In the third embodiment, a bonding ratio of the outer surface of the cold storage container 47 or a bonding ratio of the inner surface of the cold storage container 47 is set in a predetermined range.

In FIG. 17, 460 indicates a cooling air passage, and 461 a indicates a cold-storage side air passage. In a case where the surface of the cold storage container 47 is configured to have ribs of an uneven shape, when an area ratio of the outer surface of the cold storage container 47 defining the protrusion portions 47 a 1 is set at X %, and when an area ratio of the inner surface of the cold storage container 47 defining the recess portion 47 a 2 is set at Y %, X+Y=100%. Here, the outer surface of the cold storage container 47 defining the protrusion portion 47 a 1 is the portion of the virtual lines indicated by the chain lines in FIG. 17. In contrast, the inner surface of the cold storage container 47 defining the recess portion 47 a 2 is the portion of the cold storage container 47 contacting the inner fin 47 f.

As shown in FIG. 17, the inner fin 47 f having a uniform width is provided in the cold storage container 47. By forming the uneven shape of the surface of the cold storage container 47, the inner fin 47 f is made to partially contact the inner surface of the cold storage container 47 and to partially not contact the inner surface of the cold storage container 47. When the area ratio X of the virtual line portion of the cold storage container 47 is large, that is, when the area ratio Y of the recess portion 47 a 2 is small, a ratio of the non-contact area between the cold storage container 47 and the inner fin 47 f becomes large, thereby reducing the performance of the heat exchanger (e.g., evaporator).

On the other hand, when the area ratio X of the virtual line portion is small, that is, when the area ratio Y is large, it is difficult to have a sufficient contact area between the cold storage container 47 and the refrigerant tubes 45 (45 a, 45 b). In this case, the amount of the cold storage material and the amount of the brazing material can be made small, but heat exchanging performance of a cold storage heat exchanger (e.g., evaporator) is reduced.

The inner fin 47 f is bent in a wave shape to have ending portions, so that the tip portions of the bending portions partially contact the inner surface of the cold storage container 47. The wave height of the bending portions (i.e., the width of the inner fin 17 in the left-right direction of FIG. 17) is made uniform. When the wave height of the bending portions of the inner fin 47 f is made uniform, the inner fin 47 f can be easily manufactured and assembled.

FIGS. 18A and 18B are schematic diagrams for explaining a decrease in heat exchange performances due to the bonding ratio between the inner fin 47 f and the cold storage container 47. FIG. 18A shows a case where the area ratio (bonding ratio) X of the outer surface of the cold storage container 47 is in a suitable range, and FIG. 18B shows a case where the bonding ratio X of the outer surface of the cold storage container 47 is too large.

In the case of FIG. 18A, the heat transmission distance from the refrigerant tubes 45 a, 45 b to the inner fin 47 f and to the cold storage material 50 is made shorter, thereby increasing heat transmission amount. In contrast, in the case of FIG. 18B, the heat transmission distance from the refrigerant tubes 45 a, 45 b to the inner fin 47 f and to the cold storage material 50 is made longer, thereby decreasing heat transmission amount.

Because of the uneven portion is provided in the cold storage container 47, a part of the inner fin 47 f does not contact the cold storage container 47, and is not brazed to the inner wall of the cold storage container 47. Thus, the performance of the cold storage heat exchanger is changed by the uneven shape and dimension.

FIGS. 19A, 19B and 19C are graphs for explaining the heat exchange performances due to the bonding ratio between the inner fin 47 f and the cold storage container 47. FIG. 19A is a graph showing the relationship between a bonding ratio X and a cold release time after the cold storage material 50 is sufficiently cold-stored. FIG. 19B is a graph showing the relationship between the bonding ratio X and a cold storage time (Seconds). FIG. 19C is a graph showing the relationship between a bonding ratio X and a cold release time (Seconds) when the cold storage is performed for a limited time and is not completely finished.

In FIGS. 18A-18B and FIGS. 19A-19C, when the bonding ratio X becomes larger, the volume of the cold storage material 50 at a portion adjacent to the bonding portion is increased. Therefore, in a case where cold storage is sufficiently performed for the cold storage material 50, the cold release time becomes larger as the bonding ratio X increases, as in the graph of FIG. 19A.

Here, the time for solidifying all the cold storage material 50 is defined as the cold storage time. In this case, when the bonding ratio X becomes larger as in FIG. 18B, the heat transmission path for transmitting heat to the inside of the cold storage material 50 becomes longer as in FIG. 18B, and thereby the heat exchange efficiency of the air-side fins 46 (46 a, 46 b) is decreased.

Therefore, as in the graph of FIG. 19B, when the bonding ratio X is large, the cold storage time becomes pretty large. Furthermore, the time, for which the cold storage can be performed, is a limited time having a relation with the driving time of a vehicle. Therefore, it is necessary to effectively use the cold storage material 50 mounted in the vehicle, and to completely perform the cold storage of the cold storage material 50. In the graph of FIG. 19B, TL indicates the above-described limited time.

FIG. 19C is a graph showing the cold release time when the cold storage is performed in the limited time TL. As in the graph of FIG. 19C, the cold release time becomes maximum at the bonding ratio of about 50%. As in the graphs of FIGS. 19A-19C, in order to effectively perform the cold storage in the limited time and in order to secure the cold release time by a small amount of the cold storage material 50, it is preferable to set the bonding ratio X at 50% or lower.

With respect to the outside surface (X+Y portion) of the cold storage container 47, it is preferable to set the ratio X of the contact area to be in a range of 20% to 50%, when the cold storage container 47 is partially bonded to the outer surface of the refrigerant tube 45. In this case, it is possible to limit a decrease in the heat exchange performance of the cold-storage heat exchanger to be in a range equal to smaller than 1%, while the ratio X of the contact area can be made small.

Furthermore, the contact ratio between the cold storage container 47 and the refrigerant tube 45 is set so that a sufficient heat transmission amount can be secured therebetween. Thus, it is possible to store the thermal amount in the cold storage material 50 in a limited time, and the cold release can be performed for a sufficient long time by using the stored thermal quantity. Accordingly, when the vehicle engine is stopped at the red light of a traffic intersection, a supplemental air-conditioning effect for a vehicle compartment can be increased.

(Fourth Embodiment)

Next, a fourth embodiment of the invention will be described. In the above-described embodiments, the plural protrusion portions 47 a 1 or the plural recess portions 47 a 2 are formed in the cold storage container 47, so as to have uneven shapes shown in any one of FIGS. 6, 7, 8, 9, 13, 14, 15 and 16. However, in the fourth embodiment, ribs composed of plural protrusion portions 47 a 1 are formed into reverse-V shapes (slanting shapes).

FIG. 20 shows the shape of ribs formed on the surface of the cold storage container 47 according to the fourth embodiment of the invention. The cold storage container 47 is assembled to a vehicle, such that the lower side of the cold storage container 47 in FIG. 20 is positioned on the bottom side in the top-bottom direction of the vehicle. The plural protrusion portions 47 a 1 or the plural recess portions 47 a 2 are formed on the surface of the cold storage container 47, respectively in a mountain shape having a top portion and two slanting portions at two sides of the top portion, so that condensed water flows downwardly from the top portion to be separated at the left and right two sides of the top portion.

Because the protrusion portions 47 a 1 or the recess portions 47 a 2 are formed in slanting shapes, the condensed water generated on the surface of the cold storage container 47 can be separated into the left and right sides from the mountain-shaped top portion, and can be promptly discharged outside along the slanting portions. Thus, it can prevent the refrigerant tube 45 and the cold storage container 47 from being broken due to the volume expansion of the frozen condensed water, thereby preventing a freezing crack.

Thus, even when the condensed water remains on the surface of the cold storage container 47 and is frozen thereon, the frozen ice can be easily removed, thereby preventing the freezing crack. Because condensed water can flow along the slanting portions separated into the left and right sides, the length of the slanting portions can be made shorter, thereby improving the discharge performance of the condensed water.

Specifically, the protrusion portions 47 a 1 or the recess portions 47 a 2 are formed on the surface of the cold storage container 47 such that a protrusion height of the rib of the slanting shape is equal to or more than 0.2 mm. Furthermore, a rib pitch, which is a clearance between adjacent protrusion portions 47 a 1 or a clearance between adjacent recess portions 47 a 2, is set equal to or more than 3 mm. In addition, the plural ribs are overlapped by plural layers equal to or more than three, from the top direction of the cold storage container 47 toward the bottom direction of the cold storage container 47.

When the air-conditioning of the vehicle compartment is performed by using the cold-storage container 47, condensed water may stay in the cooling fin 46 within the cooling air passage 47 (see FIG. 17 or the like), and in the cold-storage side air passage 461 a between the refrigerant tube 45 integrated with the cooling fin 46 and the cold storage container 47. In this case, when the frost of the condensed water is caused in a low load, the cold storage container 47 and the refrigerant tube 45 may be broken.

In the fourth embodiment, the ribs composed of the reverse V-shaped protrusion portions 47 a 1 are arranged between the refrigerant tube 45 and the cold storage container 47, so as to reduce the amount of condensed water staying in the space between the refrigerant tube 45 and the cold storage container 47. Thus, it can prevent condensed water on an upper side of the cold storage container 47 from flowing into the reverse V-shaped rib on a lower side of the cold storage container 47. As a result, the amount of the condensed water staying between the refrigerant tube 45 and the cold storage container 47 can be reduced. Furthermore, even when the freezing of the condensed water is caused, it can remove the generated ice to an outer side (i.e., paper face-back direction of FIG. 17) from the space between the refrigerant tube 45 and the cold storage container 47.

(Fifth Embodiment)

Next, a fifth embodiment of the invention will be described. FIG. 21 shows the shape of ribs on the surface of the cold storage container 47 according to the fifth embodiment of the invention. The cold storage container 47 is assembled to a vehicle, such that the lower side of the cold storage container 47 in FIG. 21 is positioned on the bottom side in the top-bottom direction of the vehicle. In the above-described fourth embodiment, the ribs are arranged substantially by the same pitch to be overlapped from the top direction to the bottom direction of the cold storage container 47. However, in the fifth embodiment, as shown in FIG. 21, the ribs are arranged by different pitches to be overlapped from the top direction to the bottom direction of the cold storage container 47.

(Sixth Embodiment)

Next, a sixth embodiment of the invention will be described. FIG. 22 is a side view showing a part of rib shapes formed on a surface of a cold storage container 47 in an evaporator, according to a sixth embodiment of the invention. In the above-described fourth and fifth embodiments, the ribs are arranged to be overlapped from the top direction to the bottom direction of the cold storage container 47, such that the left and right slanting shapes are continuously formed in each rib. However, in the sixth embodiment, as shown in FIG. 22, the ribs of the slanting shapes are arranged on the surface of the cold storage container 47 such that left and right slanting shapes are separated by a center groove in each rib.

(Seventh Embodiment)

Next, a seventh embodiment of the invention will be described. FIG. 23 is a side view showing a part of rib shapes on a surface of a cold storage container 47 in an evaporator, according to a seventh embodiment of the invention. In the above-described sixth embodiment, the ribs with the left and right separated slanting shapes are arranged substantially by the same pitch to be overlapped from the top direction to the bottom direction of the cold storage container 47. However, in the seventh embodiment, as shown in FIG. 23, the ribs having the left and right separated slanting shapes separated at its width center are arranged by different pitches to be overlapped from the top direction to the bottom direction of the cold storage container 47.

In the above examples shown in FIGS. 20 to 23, the reverse V-shaped ribs or the slanting-shaped ribs are arranged on the surface of the cold-storage container 47 such that the plural protrusion portions 47 a 1 or the plural recess portions 47 a 2 are overlapped in the top-bottom direction of the cold-storage container 47. Furthermore, in the ribs, the left and right slanting portions, through which condensed water flows from a mountain tip portion separately to the left and right sides, are formed to extend to left and right two ends 47 t of the cold storage container 47.

Accordingly, a large part of the generated condensed water is discharged to outside from the two ends 47 t on the outside surface of the cold storage container 47. Therefore, it is difficult for the condensed water to be stored in a lower portion of the cold storage container 47, thereby preventing a freezing break in which the refrigerant tube 45 and the cold storage container 47 are broken in the lower portion.

Furthermore, in the plural protrusion portions 47 a 1 or the plural recess portions 47 a 2, the left and right slanting portions, through which condensed water flows from a mountain tip portion separately to the left and right sides, are formed to extend to left and right two ends 47 t on the outside surface of the cold storage container 47. In addition, as shown in FIG. 20, the plural protrusion portions 47 a 1 or the plural recess portions 47 a 2 are provided, such that a cross angle θ between a straight line and an extending line of the slanting portions are set in a range of 30-60 degrees. Here, the straight line is a connection line connecting a pair of the left and right two ends 47 t by the shortest distance, as shown in FIG. 20. Thus, even when the vehicle is tilted on a slop, a draining performance of the condensed water can be sufficiently obtained.

Furthermore, the protrusion portions 47 a 1 of the cold storage container 47 and the refrigerant tube 45 are brazed to be in closely contact, by an area equal to or larger than 80% with respect to the opposite surface between the plural protrusion portions 47 a 1 of the cold storage container 47 and the refrigerant tube 45. Thereby, condensed water can be certainly discharged to the outside of the cold storage container 47 along the slanting portions of the protrusion portions 47 a 1.

(Eighth Embodiment)

Next, an eighth embodiment of the invention will be described. In the above-described embodiments, the refrigerant passage portion of the evaporator 40 is configured by the headers 41, 42, 43, 44 and the refrigerant tubes 45 located between the headers 41, 42, 43, 44, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3.

The respective refrigerant tubes 45 are made to communicate with corresponding headers 41, 42, 43, 44 at the ends of the refrigerant tubes 45. Moreover, each refrigerant tube 45 is a flat tube having multi-holes, which is formed by the extrusion process to have therein plural refrigerant passages extending in the tube longitudinal direction. The ribs on an uneven surface can be formed via the extrusion process by using a pressurization roller, similarly to the method described in JP 2004-3787A.

In the eighth embodiment, plural pairs of plates, each pair having integrated tank portion and refrigerant tube portion, are stacked in a stacking direction, thereby forming a heat exchanger. A stack-type heat exchanger described in JP 2001-221535 can be used and incorporated by reference in the present embodiment.

The ribs with the uneven shape, composed of the protrusion portions 47 a 1 and the recess portions 47 a 2, can be formed on a surface of a cup-shaped tube (drawn-cup tube) formed by overlapping a pair of plates, by using a method described in JP 2004-3787A that is incorporated by reference in the present embodiment. The contents described in JP 2004-3787A and JP 2001-221535A can be incorporated herein by reference, as the technical contents of the present specification.

FIG. 24 is a front view of an evaporator with a cold storage material in the eighth embodiment formed, by the above-mentioned stacking plates. FIG. 25 is a left side view showing the evaporator with the cold storage material of FIG. 24. As shown in FIG. 24 and FIG. 25, the tank portion and refrigerant tube portion of the evaporator are formed integrally by overlapping a pair of plates. Plural pairs of the overlapped plates are stacked, and the cold storage containers 47 are inserted partially between the stacked parts. In FIGS. 24 and 25, uneven shapes on the surface of the cold-storage container 47 or the refrigerant tube 45 are not shown. Moreover, in FIG. 24 and FIG. 25, parts corresponding those of FIG. 2 are indicated by the same reference numbers.

FIGS. 26A and 26B are schematic sectional views by comparison, showing an evaporator in which a refrigerant tube is manufactured by a drawn-cup tube according to the eighth embodiment, and an evaporator in which a refrigerant tube is manufactured by extrusion. That is, a refrigerant tube 45 of the eighth embodiment shown in FIG. 26A is a drawn-cup tube.

In FIG. 26A, an air-side fin 46 is provided in a cooling air passage 460 on the left side, a refrigerant tube 45 of a drawn-cup type having therein an inner fin 45 f is provided at one side of the air-side fin 46, and a cold storage container 47 having an uneven surface is bonded to a surface of the refrigerant tube 45 opposite to the surface on the air side.

The air-side fin 46, the refrigerant tube 45 and the cold storage container 47 are configured as one unit. For example, Plural units can be overlapped to configure an evaporator. Another air-side fin 46 may be bonded to the right surface of the cold storage container 47 shown in FIG. 26A to form a unit. Alternatively, another refrigerant tube 45 having therein an inner fin 45 f may be bonded to the right surface of the cold storage container 47 to form a unit.

The refrigerant tube 45 of FIG. 26B is formed by extrusion similarly to the first embodiment. FIG. 26B is a modification of the first embodiment. In FIG. 26B, an inner fin 47 f is not provided in the cold storage container 47, which is different from the first embodiment shown in FIG. 4. In FIGS. 26A and 26B, the evaporator formed by using a drawn-cup method with laminated plates, is compared with the evaporator formed by extrusion.

(Ninth Embodiment)

Next, a ninth embodiment of the invention will be described. FIGS. 27A and 27B are schematic sectional views by comparison, showing an evaporator in which a refrigerant tube is manufactured by a drawn-cup tube, and an evaporator in which a refrigerant tube is manufactured by extrusion, according to the ninth embodiment;

That is, a refrigerant tube 45 of the ninth embodiment shown in FIG. 27A is a drawn-cup tube. In FIG. 27A, an air-side fin 46 is provided in a cooling air passage 460 on the left side, and a refrigerant tube 45 of a drawn-cup type having therein a refrigerant tube fin 45 f (inner fin) is provided at one side of the air-side fin 46.

One surface of the refrigerant tube 45 is formed in uneven to have protrusion portions 45 a 1 as ribs, and recess portions 45 a 2. A flat cold storage container 47 without an uneven portion on the surface is bonded to a surface of the refrigerant tube 45 opposite to the surface of the air-side fin 46. Thus, a cold-storage side air passage 461 a is formed between the recess portions 45 a 2 of the refrigerant tube 45 and the flat surface of the cold storage container 47.

The air-side fin 46, the refrigerant tube 45 and the cold storage container 47 are configured as one unit. For example, Plural units can be overlapped to configure an evaporator. Another air-side fin 46 may be bonded to the right surface of the cold storage container 47 shown in FIG. 27A to form a unit. Alternatively, another refrigerant tube 45 having therein an inner fin 45 f may be bonded to the right surface of the cold storage container 47 to form a unit.

The refrigerant tube 45 of FIG. 27B is formed by extrusion similarly to the first embodiment of FIG. 4. FIG. 27B is a modification of the first embodiment. In FIG. 27B, the surface of the cold storage container 47 is formed to be flat without an uneven portion, the protrusion portions 45 a 1 and the recess portions 45 a 2 are formed on the one surface of the refrigerant tube 45 to form ribs, and an inner fin 47 f is not provided in the cold storage container 47, which are different from the above-described first embodiment. In FIGS. 27A and 27B, the evaporator formed by using a drawn-cup method with laminated plates, is compared with the evaporator formed by extrusion.

(Tenth Embodiment)

Next, a tenth embodiment of the invention will be described. FIG. 28 is a schematic sectional view showing a part of an evaporator similar to FIG. 4 of the first embodiment, according to the tenth embodiment of the invention. FIG. 29 is an enlarged schematic sectional view showing a part Z33 of FIG. 28;

FIG. 30 is an enlarged schematic sectional view showing a part Z34 of FIG. 28; FIG. 31 is a graph showing a variation state of an evaporator temperature in accordance with an interruption operation of a clutch connected to a compressor according to the tenth embodiment. FIG. 32 is a side view showing reversed V-shaped ribs formed on a surface of a cold storage container 47 of the evaporator of FIG. 28.

As shown in FIG. 28, the refrigerant tubes 45 are multi-hole tubes, each of which has therein a plurality of refrigerant passages extending in a tube longitudinal direction. Left and right refrigerant tubes 45 a and 45 b (45) are arranged at two sides of a cold storage container 47 having therein an inner fin 47 f, and two cooling air passages 460 for performing heat exchange with air are provided respectively at left and right sides of the left and right refrigerant tubes 45 a and 45 b.

The refrigerant tube 45 and the cold storage container 47 contact at positions, and are bonded at the contact positions by a brazing material 33 r, as shown in FIG. 29. When a void 33 v exists in the brazing material 33 v 1, the condensed water 33 v 1 may stay in the void 33 v of the brazing material 33 v 1.

In the cold-storage side air passage 461 a formed by the recess portions 47 a 2 on the surface of the cold storage container 47 of FIG. 28, a space 34 v is provided as shown in FIG. 30. When air to be conditioned is blown by a cooling fan (not shown), air flows in the space 34 v, and water contained in air is condensed as a condensed water 34 v 1. In this case, the condensed water 34 v 1 easily stays in the space 34 v. The space 34 v is adapted as the cold-storage side air passage 461 a, when the cold storage material releases cold in the cold storage container 47.

As shown in FIG. 31, the temperature of the evaporator (cold storage heat exchanger) changes to be repeated in accordance with interruption of a clutch connected to the compressor 10 of FIG. 1, thereby repeating freezing and solution of condensed water as shown in FIG. 31. In order to prevent a freezing break, a width W of a bonding flat portion of FIG. 29 is set equal to or smaller than 0.8 mm.

Furthermore, the ribs formed by the protrusion portions 47 a 1 adjacent to the recess portions 47 a 2 are formed in reverse V-shape, as shown in FIG. 32 when being viewed from the arrow Z36 of FIG. 30. Therefore, the condensed water 34 v 1, staying in the space 34 v of FIG. 30 formed by the recess portion 47 a 2 on the surface of the cold storage container 47, can be discharged outside of the cold storage container 47, as in arrows Y36 of FIG. 32.

The width dimension of the recess portion 47 a 2 between the protrusion portions 47 a 1 is set, such that condensed water can be drawn in the direction shown by the arrow Y361 from bottom by using the clearances between the protrusion portions 47 a 1. Thus, even when condensed water becomes ice, the ice can easily fall on the surface of the cold storage container 47, and can be easily removed to the outside. Therefore, it can prevent a stress for causing a freezing break from being generated.

In the cold storage heat exchanger in which the cold storage container 47 is integrated with the cooling fins 46 a, 46 b of the cooling air passage 460 for air-conditioning of the vehicle compartment, if condensed water stays in the cold-storage side air passage 461 a between the refrigerant tube 45 and the cold storage container 47 so that a freezing (frost) of the condensed water is generated in a low load, the cold storage container 47 and the refrigerant tube 45 may be broken. According to the tenth embodiment, the reverse V-shaped ribs are arranged in the spaces between the refrigerant tube 45 and the cold storage container 47 as shown in FIG. 32, so as to reduce an amount of condensed water staying in the spaces between the refrigerant tube 45 and the cold storage container 47.

Thus, in the tenth embodiment, it can restrict condensed water on the cold storage container 47 from flowing, from an upper side rib to a lower side rib on the surface of the cold storage container 47. As a result, the amount of the condensed water staying between the refrigerant tube 45 and the cold storage container 47 can be reduced in the cold storage heat exchanger. Furthermore, even when the freezing of the condensed water is caused, it can easily remove the generated ice to an outer side from the space between the refrigerant tube 45 and the cold storage container 47. 

What is claimed is:
 1. A cold storage heat exchanger comprising: a plurality of refrigerant tubes having therein refrigerant passages, the plurality of refrigerant tubes being stacked together in a stacking direction to provide a clearance therebetween through which air flows in an air flow direction; and a plurality of cold storage containers, each of the plurality of cold storage containers being interposed between adjacent refrigerant tubes, bonded to the adjacent refrigerant tubes and defining a compartment receiving a cold storage material, wherein a surface of each of the plurality of cold storage containers has a plurality of independent protrusion portions, and each of the plurality of independent protrusion portions protrudes outward and is in contact with the adjacent refrigerant tubes, the plurality of independent protrusion portions are arranged in a zigzag manner on a surface of each cold storage container when viewed in the stacking direction of the refrigerant tubes, and adjacent ones of the plurality of independent protrusion portions arranged on the same surface of one of the cold storage containers, which are adjacent to one another in the air flow direction, are shifted in position from each other in a direction angled with respect to the air flow direction.
 2. The cold storage heat exchanger according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of independent protrusion portions are arranged in a longitudinal direction and a lateral direction of the cold storage container.
 3. The cold storage heat exchanger according to claim 1, wherein each of the plurality of independent protrusion portions has a long and thin shape extending in a longitudinal direction of the cold storage container.
 4. The cold storage heat exchanger according to claim 1, wherein each of the plurality of independent protrusion portions has a long and thin shape slanted with respect to a longitudinal direction of the cold storage container.
 5. A cold storage heat exchanger according to claim 1 further comprising: a first heat exchange portion including a plurality of first refrigerant tubes, the plurality of first refrigerant tubes having therein refrigerant passages, and arranged to provide a clearance therebetween; a second heat exchange portion disposed on an upstream side of the first heat exchange portion in an air flow direction and including a plurality of second refrigerant tubes, the plurality of second refrigerant tubes having therein refrigerant passages, and arranged to provide a clearance therebetween; and each of the plurality of cold storage containers being interposed between adjacent first refrigerant tubes and between adjacent second refrigerant tubes, bonded to the adjacent first refrigerant tubes and the adjacent second refrigerant tubes and defining a compartment receiving the cold storage material, wherein at least one of the plurality of independent protrusion portions includes a downstream end part and an upstream end part in the air flow direction, the downstream end part is in contact with the adjacent first refrigerant tubes, and the upstream end part is in contact with the adjacent second refrigerant tubes.
 6. The cold storage heat exchanger according to claim 5, wherein the at least one of the plurality of independent protrusion portions has a long and thin shape slanted with respect to the air flow direction.
 7. The cold storage heat exchanger according to claim 1, wherein each of the plurality of independent protrusion portions has a shape elongated in an extending direction of the refrigerant tubes.
 8. The cold storage heat exchanger according to claim 7, wherein the plurality of independent protrusion portions includes a plurality of arrays in each of which protrusion portions are aligned in the extending direction of the refrigerant tubes.
 9. The cold storage heat exchanger according to claim 1, wherein each of the plurality of cold storage containers is molded from aluminum.
 10. The cold storage heat exchanger according to claim 1, wherein each of the plurality of cold storage containers includes punch-out portions configured to stop and fix an inner fin.
 11. The cold storage heat exchanger according to claim 10, wherein the inner fin and the cold storage material are contained inside of the plurality of cold storage containers approximately to a height position of the punch-out portions.
 12. The cold storage heat exchanger according to claim 10, wherein air is contained inside of the plurality of cold storage containers approximately above a height position of the punch-out portions.
 13. The cold storage heat exchanger according to claim 1, wherein the surface of each of the plurality of cold storage containers has a plurality of recess portions formed therein.
 14. The cold storage heat exchanger according to claim 13, wherein only an outer surface of the plurality of independent protrusion portions is in contact with the refrigerant tubes.
 15. The cold storage heat exchanger according to claim 10, wherein the plurality of independent protrusion portions are oval in shape and the punch-out portions are circular in shape.
 16. A cold storage heat exchanger comprising: a first heat exchange portion; a second heat exchange portion disposed on an upstream side of the first heat exchange portion in an air flow direction; a plurality of refrigerant tubes provided in both the first heat exchange portion and the second heat exchange portion, the plurality of refrigerant tubes having therein refrigerant passages, the plurality of refrigerant tubes being stacked together in a stacking direction to provide a clearance therebetween; and a plurality of cold storage containers, each of the plurality of cold storage containers being interposed between adjacent refrigerant tubes in the stacking direction, bonded to the adjacent refrigerant tubes and defining a compartment receiving a cold storage material, wherein a surface of each of the plurality of cold storage containers has a plurality of protrusion portions, and each of the plurality of protrusion portions protrudes outward in the stacking direction and is in contact with the adjacent refrigerant tubes, and each of the plurality of protrusion portions has a V-shape in cross-section perpendicular to the stacking direction, wherein adjacent V-shape protrusion portions are not equally spaced apart from each other.
 17. The cold storage heat exchanger according to claim 16, wherein each of the plurality of protrusion portions has a long and thin shape slanted with respect to the air flow direction.
 18. The cold storage heat exchanger according to claim 16, wherein each of the plurality of protrusion portions extends continuously from a position adjacent to an upstream end of the cold storage container in the air flow direction to a position adjacent to a downstream end of the cold storage container in the air flow direction.
 19. A cold storage heat exchanger according to claim 16, wherein: each of the plurality of cold storage containers being interposed between adjacent first refrigerant tubes and between adjacent second refrigerant tubes, bonded to the adjacent first refrigerant tubes and the adjacent second refrigerant tubes and defining a compartment receiving the cold storage material, wherein at least one of the plurality of protrusion portions includes a downstream end part and an upstream end part in the air flow direction, the downstream end part is in contact with the adjacent first refrigerant tubes, and the upstream end part is in contact with the adjacent second refrigerant tubes. 